Saturday, June 23, 2012

Supersized reactions to Mayor Bloomberg’s soda ban plan

Here’s a glimpse of just some of the commentary on NY mayor Bloomberg’s call for a ban on supersized soda in any public place regulated by the city health department. It’s become a battle of clever headlines:

Soda Jerk

Soda Plan Fizzles

Sugar Daddy

City Health Weasels Go “Pop”

On Philly.com, William Saletan called Bloomberg a hypocrite:

“…the harder Bloomberg presses, the more he’s outed. He’s been caught salting pizza and bagels. He drinks three or four cups of coffee a day. NBC’s Matt Lauer recently grilled him about his proclamation honoring “NYC Donut Day.” The mayor replied, “One donut’s not going to hurt you. In moderation, anything — most things are OK. … That’s exactly what we’re trying to do with soft drinks, is get you to drink in moderation.”

Really? Bloomberg believes in moderation? Then let’s talk about the wiener orgies.

12 minutes, 50 wieners

The orgies take place every year in Coney Island. They’re broadcast live on ESPN. They’re known as the Nathan’s Famous International Hot Dog Eating Contest. In 10 minutes, contestants stuff as many hot dogs down their throats as they can. During Bloomberg’s tenure, the record has increased from 50 to 68. It’s pornography for gluttons.

Year after year, Bloomberg officiates at the weighing-in ceremony, praises the contestants for gorging themselves, and brags about the millions of people watching on TV.”

On TheAtlantic.com, Brian Wansink and David Just wrote: “How Bloomberg’s Soft Drink Ban Will Backfire on NYC Public Health.”

The New York mayor defends his prohibition on sugary drinks with an appeal to science, but the very people who carried out the studies in question say he’s misread their work.

A web search could give you a weekend of reading and you still wouldn’t catch up. On The Daily Show, Jon Stewart has hammered Bloomberg in a series of shows in recent weeks. Here’s one:

Not all think it’s such a bad idea.

In the Kansas City Star, Barbara Shelly wrote, “Why we should all cheer Bloomberg’s soda policy,” noting how majors in Kansas City, Newark, Oklahoma City, Boston and San Diego have also taken public steps to promote healthy weight.

And one of our expert editors, Harold Demonaco, MS, wrote the following:

Whether you agree or not with Mayor Bloomberg’s attempts to banish 32 ounce soft drinks from the streets of New York, you have to give him credit for highlighting the problem of “supersizing.”

In a perfect world, people would understand the consequences of their actions and a Big Brother approach would not be necessary.  After all, shouldn’t adults be allowed to decide what to eat and drink?  The obvious answer is yes.

Two recently published studies provide a bit more insight into the issues surrounding over consumption.

A study  published in Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine suggests that regulation of nutritional content of foods can make a big difference in school aged children.  California regulates the food and beverages available to students in the schools. This includes cafeteria foods and beverages as well as those sold elsewhere in the school.  On average, California students consumed about 160 fewer calories daily than their counterparts in the 14 states studied that do not regulate foods in schools.  That’s equal to a bit more than half of a 32 ounce soda a day.  Maybe regulations do work!  But of course, we are talking about children………………

Dan Ariely and colleagues published a study in February looking at what would happen if you simply invited people to downsize a portion of their meals.  Surprisingly, about one third of people asked did reduce their portion size and did so whether they received a discount or not.  They effectively reduce their calorie consumption by about 200 calories.   And they did so without changing the amount of leftovers.

I stumbled over a really interesting body weight simulator  from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders.  With it, you can see what changes to your caloric intake and exercise will do to your weight, body composition and body mass index over time.

I ran the simulator to see what would happen if I drank a 32 ounce soda daily for a year.  That’s 310 extra calories a day.  My weight went from 175 pounds to 189 pounds.  And that is despite my daily exercise routine.  To rid myself of the extra pounds, I would need to increase my exercise commitment by 80% (that’s an extra 45 minutes on the accursed spinning bike daily).  Without additional exercise, I would weigh about 200 pounds at year two.

Over 60% of adults in the US are overweight and just about 30% are classified as obese.  The causes are complex and the fixes are not easily apparent.  What is apparent however is that the present course will only lead to the obesity problem getting worse.


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Friday, June 22, 2012

Japanese-American Men With Low Vitamin-D Diet Face Higher Stroke Risk

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THURSDAY, May 24 (HealthDay News) -- Japanese-American men who don't eat a diet rich in vitamin D have an increased risk of stroke later in life, according to a new, long-term study.

The study included nearly 7,400 Japanese-American men living in Hawaii. They were between the ages of 45 and 68 in the mid- to late-1960s, when they were first examined and interviewed about their eating habits.

During 34 years of follow-up, 960 of the men suffered strokes. Compared to those with the highest levels of vitamin D in their diet, men who took in the least dietary vitamin D had a 22 percent higher risk of stroke and a 27 percent higher risk of ischemic (blood-clot-related) stroke. No difference existed for hemorrhagic (bleeding) stroke, however.

The study appeared May 24 in the journal Stroke.

"Our study confirms that eating foods rich in vitamin D might be beneficial for stroke prevention," study author Dr. Gotaro Kojima, a geriatric medicine fellow at the John A. Burns School of Medicine at the University of Hawaii in Honolulu, said in a journal news release.

Kojima said, however, it's unclear whether the study findings could be applied to women or to different ethnic groups.

Sunlight generally is the primary source of vitamin D, but synthesizing vitamin D from the sun becomes more difficult as people age, Kojima said, meaning older people need to eat more foods rich in vitamin D or take supplements. Fortified milk, breakfast cereals, fatty fish and egg yolks all are good sources of vitamin D.

-- Robert Preidt MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. SOURCE: Stroke, news release, May 22, 2012



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Health Tip: Keep Magnets Away From Children

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(HealthDay News) -- Small magnets that dislodge from toys or products for adults pose choking and ingestion hazards. If swallowed by young children, they can lead to choking or serious injury to the stomach and digestive tract.

The American Academy of Pediatrics mentions these guidelines for parents to help prevent magnet-related injuries:

Never allow very young children to play with or touch objects that contain magnets.Carefully watch older children who play with such toys.Don't purchase large sets of magnets, in groups of more than 100, because it's difficult to keep track of any that are missing.Make sure teens understand the serious dangers of using magnets as fake piercings.

-- Diana Kohnle MedicalNewsCopyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved.



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NCLR Felicita a las Organizaciones Latinas Más Grandes

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June 01 2012

PARA DIVULGACIÓN INMEDIATA                              PARA MÁS INFORMACIÓN:
1 de junio, 2012                                                            Julián Teixeira
(202) 776-1812
jtexeira@nclr.org


La revista “Hispanic Business” reconoce a 11 afiliadas del NCLR entre las 25 organizaciones sin fines de lucro más grandes

Washington, D.C.—El NCLR (Consejo Nacional de La Raza) aplaude el reconocimiento de la revista Hispanic Business en su lista anual de 25 organizaciones hispanas sin fines de lucro mas grandes, entre ellas 11 pertenecen a la red de organizaciones afiliadas del NCLR. La última edición de la revista clasifica a las organizaciones sin fines de lucro en base a su gasto anual. Cada organización presentó información sobre su misión, ingresos, y servicios para proporcionar una visión general de las principales organizaciones de beneficencia al servicio de la creciente comunidad latina en EE.UU.

“Hoy todas las organizaciones sin fines de lucro están haciendo más con menos recursos, por lo que es oportuno sacar a la luz y reconocer el arduo trabajo y dedicación de estas organizaciones que sirven a la comunidad latina”, dijo Sonia Pérez, vicepresidente sénior de iniciativas estratégicas del NCLR. “El NCLR está orgulloso del servicio vital que su red de afiliadas provee a las familias latinas en todo el país, y es un gran honor que 11 de las 25 organizaciones sin fines de lucro que aparecen en la lista de la revista Hispanic Business de este año sean parte de nuestra red. En nombre del NCLR, felicito a todas”.

Al principio de la lista se encuentra AltaMed Health Services Corporation, que ha proporcionado servicios completos de salud en el este de Los Angeles desde 1969. La otra afiliada del NCLR que se encuentra en la lista de las 25 organizaciones sin fines de lucro— en orden de aparición—son: Chicanos Por La Causa, Inc. de Phoenix, Arizona; Southwest Key Programs, Inc. de Austin, Texas; Mexican American Opportunity Foundation de Montebello, California; La Clínica de la Raza, Inc. de Oakland, California.; San Ysidro Health Center de San Ysidro, California; Congreso de Latinos Unidos, Inc. de Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Unity Council de Oakland, California; United Community Center/Centro de la Comunidad Unida de Milwaukee, Wisconsin; Latin American Youth Center de Washington, DC; y HELP–New Mexico, Inc. de Albuquerque, New Mexico.

El servicio comunitario proporcionado por estas organizaciones incluye cuidado médico, desarrollo de la comunidad, educación y capacitación laboral, cuidado de niños y personas mayores, servicios para los jóvenes, orientación, programas recreacionales y culturales, y mucho más. La Red de Afiliadas del NCLR incluye casi 300 organizaciones comunitarias que proporcionan servicios directos a millones de hispanoestadounidenses cada año.

El NCLR (Consejo Nacional de La Raza) es la organización nacional más grande de apoyo y defensa de los derechos civiles de los hispanos en los Estados Unidos y trabaja para mejorar sus oportunidades. Para más información sobre el NCLR, por favor visite www.nclr.org o síganos en Facebook y Twitter.

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Issues: Affiliate Network, Awards and Recognitions
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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Prolactinoma: options for the treatment of pituitary gland tumor

By Mayo Clinic staff

Prolactinoma is a condition in which a usually noncancerous tumor (adenoma) in the pituitary gland in your brain overproduces prolactin hormone. The main effect of prolactin is a decrease in the levels of some hormones — estrogen in women and testosterone in men.


Although Prolactinoma is not life-threatening, can impair your vision, cause infertility and produce other effects. Prolactinoma is one of several types of cancer that can develop in your pituitary gland.


Doctors may treat Prolactinoma with medications often effectively to restore your prolactin level to normal. Surgery to remove the pituitary tumor, may also be an option for treating Prolactinoma.

References Prolactinoma. National Institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases. http://endocrine.niddk.nih.gov/pubs/prolact/prolact.htm. Accessed on 17 January 2011., Melmed S, et al., diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia: clinical practice guideline of An Endocrine Society. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism &. 2011; 273.96: Colao, et al., the aggressive pituitary tumour therapy. Pharmacotherapy specialist opinion. 2011; 12: 1561. Mann WA. Treatment of prolactinomas and hyperprolactinaemia: a lifetime approach. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2011; 334.41: a. Klibanski Prolactinomas. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2010; 352: 121. Colao, et al. medical treatment of prolactinomas. Nature reviews Endocrinology. 2011; 7: 267.var shareUrl = encodeURIComponent (window.location); var shareTitle = encodeURIComponent (document.title);

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The @NCLR Weekly Top 10

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Thursday, June 21, 2012

U.S. Bicyclists Save $4.6 Billion Per Year By Riding Instead Of Driving

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May 18 2012

Contact:
Joseph Rendeiro
NCLR
(202) 776-1566

Carolyn Szczepanski
League of American Bicyclists
(202) 822-1333

Eddie Scher
Sierra Club
(415) 977-5758


Millions to participate in National Bike to Work Day tomorrow

New data released today by the League of American Bicyclists, Sierra Club, and NCLR (National Council of La Raza) highlights the tremendous economic benefits of bicycling and its importance as a transportation choice that should be safe and accessible for every U.S. resident.

The fact sheet release coincides with National Bike to Work Day, when millions of U.S. residents will participate in hundreds of events across the country showcasing bicycling as a healthy, affordable, and efficient form of transportation.

Among the new data highlighted in the fact sheet:

• Bicyclists in the U.S. save $4.6 billion per year by cycling instead of driving.
• If American drivers replaced just one four-mile car trip with a bike trip each week, it would save more than 2 billion gallons of gas per year.
• From 2001 to 2009, Hispanics, African Americans, and Asian Americans took up biking at faster rates than other Americans, representing 21% of all bike trips in the U.S. in 2009.

“There are so many reasons more people are riding, from improving their health to protecting the environment,” said Andy Clarke, President of the League of American Bicyclists. “But, especially in tough economic times, bicycling can also be an economic catalyst, keeping billions of dollars in the pockets of American families.”

“Biking is an important piece of a 21st century transportation system,” said Sierra Club Executive Director Michael Brune. “Biking reduces America’s dependence on oil and lets individuals bypass the gas pump, saving individuals money and protecting our health and environment from dirty oil pollution.”

“Bicycling is a crucial mode of commuting for many Latinos,” said Catherine Singley, Senior Policy Analyst at NCLR. “Federal transportation policy should ensure that biking is a safe and viable way to connect people to jobs.”

Widespread interest in—and benefits to be gained from—bicycling make it a crucial and timely priority in our transportation system. Everyone who chooses to bicycle should have access to safe infrastructure that lets them take advantage of the economic and other benefits of cycling.

Click here to view the full fact sheet.

Find additional information, data, and National Bike Month events at www.bikeleague.org/bikemonth.

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Issues:
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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We Want Your Thoughts on the Foreclosure Crisis!

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June 05 2012

June is National Homeownership Month, and NCLR and its partners are taking a closer look at some of the states harmed most by the foreclosure crisis. The crisis exposed weaknesses in the housing system that has long affected low-income families and communities of color. An estimated 25% of Black and Hispanic borrowers in the U.S. lost homes or are at serious risk of losing their homes, compared to 12% of White borrowers.

We must stabilize the housing market by making it more accessible, equitable, and sustainable. To shed light on solutions and bring sensible homeownership back to the national debate, NCLR and its civil rights and consumer partners are hosting a series of Home for Good town halls, the first of which will take place in Nevada later this week. We are holding these town halls to ensure that our leaders:

1. Stop needless foreclosures.
2. Expand affordable rental housing.
3. Revive a sustainable path to homeownership.

We want to hear from you!

In step with the town halls, we're also hosting a blog carnival that will take place Thursday, June 28. The carnival will feature blog posts related to the foreclosure crisis as it pertains to communities of color. Join this blogger effort and add your voice to those speaking out against needless foreclosures.

Send your blog post and contact information no later than close of business on Sunday, June 24 to David Castillo at dcastillo@nclr.org.

OR:

Publish the post on your own site by close of business on Monday, June 25 and send us the link!
We will reprint your posts on Thursday, June 28, marking a milestone in our Home for Good town hall tour and to mark the end of National Homeownership Month. You will see your blog post published on myhomeforgood.com and nclr.org alongside those from the many others seeking to end needless foreclosures that are tearing families apart.

Email us at dcastillo@nclr.org with any questions. Happy blogging!

Issues: Wealth-Building, Home for Good Campaign, Housing
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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We’re Getting Out the Latino Vote!

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May 23 2012

Latinos have been some of the hardest hit by the foreclosure crisis and have suffered a massive loss of wealth because of it.  The U.S. Department of Agriculture wants to make already tough working conditions even tougher and more dangerous for poultry workers, many of whom are Latino.  Our education system is not serving our kids well enough.  Members of Congress are comparing immigrants to dogs while they do nothing to fix our terribly broken immigration system.  Voter suppression laws are popping up in heavily Hispanic states like Florida and Texas.  Arizona Sheriff Joe Arpaio is being sued by the Department of Justice for civil rights violations against Latinos in his county.  And Alabama has just passed a revised, yet still harsh anti-immigrant racial profiling law.

If you’re a Latino in America, the future appears to be a grim one, but being the resilient and optimistic people that we are, it’s important to remember that we have the power to do something about it.  We have the power of the vote.  And with 500,000 Latinos turning 18 every year for the next 20 years, those votes have awesome potential to translate into power.

At NCLR, we’re doing our part to get as many Latinos registered as we can through our Mobilize to Vote campaign, and we just celebrated our first milestone:  registering 20,000 new voters for the 2012 election!

Registration is crucial, and meaningful outreach matters for the youthful Latino community.  “There is no substitute for one-on-one contact, which helps demystify and facilitate the voter registration process, and that is the cornerstone of our campaign,” said Clarissa Martínez-De-Castro, Director of Immigration and Civic Engagement for NCLR.

We’ve only gotten started.  You can expect many more milestones to be reached as we ramp up our voter registration effort in the lead-up to the general election in November.

If we’re going to wield our buying, voting, and political power, however, we’re going to need to band together as a community and get everyone we know to register.  It’s the only way we can move forward.  So, join us in celebrating this achievement and then get back out there to help us spread the word!

And, if you haven’t registered yet, we have only one question:  what are you waiting for?! Visit our Mobilize to Vote website or find us on Facebook or Twitter for all the info you need to get registered.

Issues: Mobilize to Vote, National Campaigns, Latino Voter Participation, Voter Education Materials
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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What Does $300 Extra a Year Mean to You?

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May 22 2012

by Sergio Muñoz, Senior Policy Analyst, Health Policy Project, NCLR

Remember the trending Twitter campaign, #40Dollars, which the White House launched last December to rally support for extension of the payroll tax break?  That extra $40 per paycheck was apparently a big deal—responses flooded in at a rate of 2,000 an hour.  What do you think another $535 or $589 means for American families? 

Curious?  You have something to look forward to. A research study just published on the savings for health care consumers if the Affordable Care Act (ACA) is implemented in its entirety is starting to attract notice.  According to the researcher, the regulated benefits of individual health insurance plans that will be available under the ACA would have saved the average consumer almost $300 a year in out-of-pocket costs.  The savings are even more significant for the near-elderly and those with limited incomes, which come out to $589 and $535, respectively.  That’s not between-the-sofa-cushions-change.

The high out-of-pocket costs of most health insurance plans prior to health care reform are a big reason why 15% of insured Hispanics cite financial concerns as a barrier to a usual source of care, and why one in four dips into savings for health care costs when a doctor’s visit can no longer be postponed.  This is the sort of out-of-pocket unaffordability that the ACA was supposed to fix, and if this study is any indication, the savings are not chump change. 

So the next time someone tells you they want to repeal the law completely, keep in mind that this would also repeal all the other reforms that will finally make affordable quality health insurance available, and deliver hundreds of dollars in savings to us all. 

Preventive services offered without cost-sharing, already estimated to be available to 6.1 million Latinos?  Gone with repeal. 

Tax credits toward the purchase of private health insurance that will help low- and moderate-income families even more, on top of the out-of-pocket savings projected by the study?  Yup, gone with repeal as well.

The Supreme Court has always affected our daily lives more than most people realize.  An adverse decision on the constitutionality of health care reform might finally drive this point home.  Sticker shock tends to do that.

Issues: Basics of Health Care Reform, Health, Health Care, Health Care Reform
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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NCLR Supports DOJ Lawsuit Against Maricopa County Sheriff’s Office

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May 10 2012

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE             

Contact:
Joseph Rendeiro
(202) 776-1566
jrendeiro@nclr.org

Washington—Today, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) filed a federal lawsuit against Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio and his office over a number of alleged civil rights violations, including discriminatory practices targeting Latinos.  NCLR (National Council of La Raza) firmly stands behind the DOJ’s decision to file suit against the Maricopa County Sheriff’s Office (MCSO) and, once again, calls on Sheriff Arpaio to resign.

“DOJ’s findings corroborated what has been a long-standing pattern and practice of unwarranted, unequal, and unconstitutional treatment of Latinos by Sheriff Joe Arpaio,” said Janet Murguía, President and CEO of NCLR.  “We welcome DOJ’s lawsuit, in light of the sheriff’s refusal to put in place the necessary mechanisms to prevent abuses of power that have hurt Latino immigrants and U.S. citizens alike.”

As a result of the findings from its investigation, DOJ proposed a settlement that would have required the MCSO to train officers to make constitutional traffic stops, collect data on people arrested in traffic stops, and begin outreach to the Latino community, and it would have required a court-appointed monitor to oversee these changes.  However, Arpaio refused a court monitor, thereby putting an end to negotiations and resulting in the lawsuit.

“We have a high regard for the work that law enforcement officers do every day, as well as their efforts to put in place community policing strategies that uphold the constitution and public safety,” added Murguía.  “Sheriff Arpaio’s practices, however, are a black eye on the law enforcement community.  ‘To serve and protect’ should not be determined by the color of your skin.  We hope that our elected leaders heed this lesson and the dangers of having law enforcement prioritize immigration status over criminal behavior.”

NCLR—the largest national Hispanic civil rights and advocacy organization in the United States—works to improve opportunities for Hispanic Americans.  For more information on NCLR, please visit www.nclr.org or follow along on Facebook and Twitter.

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Issues:
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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NCLR’s Mobilize to Vote Campaign Registers 20,000 Voters

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May 22 2012

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE                                         

Contact:
Camila Gallardo
(305) 573-7329
cgallardo@nclr.org

Washington—Today, NCLR (National Council of La Raza) announced that it has registered 20,000 new Latino voters for the upcoming 2012 elections through its multistate campaign, Mobilize to Vote (M2V).  M2V is the electoral arm of NCLR’s Civic Engagement Program, which aims to build and support long-term Latino participation in the democratic process.  M2V focuses on registering eligible Latinos to vote, elevating the issues Latino voters care about, providing voters the tools to exercise their right to vote, and mobilizing Hispanics to the polls on Election Day.

“As a young community, registration is crucial and meaningful outreach matters,” said Clarissa Martínez-De-Castro, Director of Immigration and Civic Engagement for NCLR.  “There is no substitute for one-on-one contact, which helps demystify and facilitate the voter registration process, and that is the cornerstone of our campaign.  We celebrate these 20,000 voters and expect to keep the momentum in the months ahead.”

Mobilize to Vote has full-time operations currently running in Florida, Colorado, and Nevada, and in June will expand to other states including California, North Carolina, and Texas, working in partnership with NCLR’s Affiliate Network.  In addition, a web portal will allow Latinos nationwide to register online.

“We are committed to expanding Latino civic participation, and this phase is about voter registration, protection, and turnout.  We are already a community whose votes are needed by any candidate to get to the White House.  Growing our electoral and advocacy strength, we can usher in the transformative change our community and our country need,” concluded Martínez-De-Castro.

NCLR—the largest national Hispanic civil rights and advocacy organization in the United States—works to improve opportunities for Hispanic Americans.  For more information on NCLR, please visit www.nclr.org or follow along on Facebook and Twitter.

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Issues: Civic Engagement, Latino Voter Participation, Mobilize to Vote, National Campaigns
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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Wednesday, June 20, 2012

Rep. Steve King’s Anti-Immigrant Remarks Appalling and Unwarranted

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May 23 2012

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE                                         

Contact:
Joseph Rendeiro
(202) 776-1566
jrendeiro@nclr.org

Washington—Today, NCLR (National Council of La Raza) strongly condemned Rep. Steve King (R–Iowa) for his latest attack on Latinos and other immigrants, during which he equated immigrants with a litter of dogs.  NCLR also stated that Rep. King’s long history of outrageous and bigoted statements should call into question his leadership role among congressional Republicans and his visibility as a spokesperson on the issue of immigration.

“It is no surprise that Steve King—in saying that we should pick immigrants the way we pick dogs in a litter—has once again crossed the line,” said Janet Murguía, President and CEO of NCLR.  “For those of us who have followed Representative King’s troubling career, he obliterated that line years ago.”

“Representative King has amply demonstrated his contempt for common decency over his career.  Among his many lowlights, he has called for an electrified fence along the border because ‘we do that with livestock all the time.’  He has compared undocumented immigration to a ‘slow-motion holocaust.’  And he was the only member of Congress to vote against a resolution honoring the slaves who worked to build our nation’s Capitol building,” continued Murguía.

“We know from the great work of the Anti-Defamation League and others that these statements are not gaffes, but are instead deliberate attempts to dehumanize and demonize immigrants.  It is clear that Rep. King has nothing constructive to offer in this debate, only a misinformed and bigoted viewpoint that goes beyond the pale.  So the questions for us are:  why is this man the Vice Chair of the House immigration subcommittee?  Why were the Republican presidential candidates falling all over themselves to win his endorsement in Iowa?  And why is he continually on television, touted as an ‘immigration expert’?”

“It is long past time for his fellow Republicans and the news media to stop looking the other way whenever King spouts off another outburst of prejudiced nonsense.  The Latino community knows what he thinks.  What they need to know is if the continued support of his Party means they agree with him,” concluded Murguía.

NCLR—the largest national Hispanic civil rights and advocacy organization in the United States—works to improve opportunities for Hispanic Americans.  For more information on NCLR, please visit www.nclr.org or follow along on Facebook and Twitter.

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Issues: Immigration, Immigration Reform, What People are Saying
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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The Violence Against Women Act Must Protect All Victims

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May 14 2012

By Laura Vazquez, Legislative Analyst, Immigration Policy Project

The NCLR Affiliate Network includes organizations that provide critical services to victims of domestic violence and abuse. When the House Judiciary Committee debated H.R. 4970, the “Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2012” (VAWA), I was thinking of them. I was thinking of the survivors of domestic violence who have come through their doors. It is these clients that Congress has sought to protect in its history of reauthorizing VAWA. However, H.R. 4970 eradicates protections desperately needed for immigrant survivors of domestic violence. The Latin American Community Center’s Domestic Violence Program, an NCLR Affiliate in Delaware, said, “we witness firsthand how immigrant victims are already at a disadvantage when getting victim protections.” It is because of these stories and because of the fact that far too many immigrants are victims of domestic violence that NCLR strongly opposes H.R. 4970.

In 1994, VAWA was enacted to protect victims of domestic violence. Recognizing that abusers often exploit a victim’s immigration status, Congress created tools to assist survivors in coming forward to report the crime and assist law enforcement in prosecuting the abusers. Community-based organizations, including some NCLR Affiliates, have taken these tools not only to protect immigrant women, but to assist in the prosecutions of the abusers. According to the Department of Justice, since the passage of VAWA, incidences of domestic violence have decreased by more than 50%.

H.R. 4970 seeks to take those tools away, putting victims at risk and giving power to perpetrators of domestic violence, stalking, sex crimes, and human trafficking. H.R. 4970 would effectively prevent immigrant victims from applying for protection from their abusers. It radically changes the current application process for immigrant women and puts steep new hurdles to eligibility in the path of immigrant survivors seeking protection under VAWA. We urge the House of Representatives to reject H.R. 4970 because it denies victims protection and deters victims of crime from cooperating with law enforcement. We hope that Congress can return to the long-standing intent of VAWA and pass a bill that protects all victims of domestic violence.

Issues:
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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The @NCLR Weekly Top 10

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The @NCLR Weekly Top 10

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Summer Vacation Is Nice, but Is It Worth the Loss?

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May 30 2012

By Karen Hopper, Policy Fellow, Office of Research, Advocacy, and Legislation, NCLR

Memorial Day has come and gone and the unofficial start of summer is upon us.  With the last day of school not far behind, students everywhere are dreaming of warm weather, fun summer activities, and—let’s not forget—no school. 

When Americans first began formal schooling for their children, school calendars were designed to fit the needs of each community.  Agricultural communities gave students time off in the spring and fall to help with planting and harvesting, while urban schools operated on an 11- or 12-month calendar.  The nine-month calendar we know today emerged when there was a need to standardize schooling nationwide; 85% of Americans were working in agriculture, and climate control in school buildings was limited—factors which made it unbearable and impractical to have children in school during the hottest and busiest months of the year. 

But what about today?  Only 3% of Americans work in agriculture, and air conditioning comes standard—so shouldn’t we keep kids in school longer to maximize their learning potential as they grow?

The more I think about it, the more summer breaks don’t make sense.  Long vacations lead to students forgetting what they have learned in school.  In fact, research shows that children forget up to two months of grade-level material over the summer.  Unstructured time for children can also be bad for their health; crime, obesity, drug use, and risky sexual behavior skyrocket over the summer months when supervision is at a minimum. 

Long summer breaks have a greater negative effect on students who are from low-income families or who are English language learners (ELLs).  Researchers find that middle-income students are able to access educational opportunities such as summer camps and travel, and their parents stay engaged in keeping their skills up over the summer.  We all know about the achievement gap between affluent White students and minority and low-income students, but did you know that by ninth grade, two-thirds of that gap can be attributed to unequal learning opportunities during summer months in the elementary school years? 

When kids go back to school in the fall, teachers must spend a significant amount of time reviewing material from the previous year before moving on to new material, and students struggle to get back into the rhythm of classroom learning and proper school behavior.

Schools and communities should be maximizing time, especially out-of-school time, to give students opportunities to keep learning.  We can’t expect to close the achievement gap between Latino students and their White peers unless struggling children are given ample resources to learn, and we certainly can’t expect it to close while allowing learning to lapse during the summer. 

This summer, make it a priority to keep your children engaged in learning—even if you don’t have access to traditional summer camp, summer school, or community-based programs. There are hundreds of free resources out there, and many are available in English and Spanish! Here are a few to get you started: 

Reading

Earn a free book from Barnes and Noble by reading:  www.barnesandnoble.com/u/summer-reading/379003570

Log your reading minutes to earn prizes! www.scholastic.com/summer

Recommended reading by grade level, from Just Read, Florida!: www.justreadfamilies.org/SummerReadingList.pdf

Find a library near you:  summer reading programs are fun and often come with great rewards!

Resources for families in both English and Spanish


Math

Math challenges, also in Spanish:  www.figurethis.org/index.html

Keep skills sharp at any level:  www.bbc.co.uk/schools/websites/4_11/site/numeracy.shtml

Many more math resources here:  http://tutoring.sylvanlearning.com/newsletter/0704/math.cfm

Issues: Education, K-12 Education
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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NCLR Urges California Lawmakers to Pass “Homeowner Bill of Rights”

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June 01 2012

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

Contact:
Joseph Rendeiro
(202) 776-1566
jrendeiro@nclr.org

As Californians continue to struggle with record high foreclosures, NCLR (National Council of La Raza) urges the swift passage of the California “Homeowner Bill of Rights,” a set of proposed laws aimed at protecting California homeowners from unfair foreclosures. This week, the California State Senate and Assembly’s Conference Committee on Banking and Finance will vote on one crucial piece, the “dual track” bill, which will help prevent unnecessary foreclosures that are stalling California and the nation’s economic recovery.

“Latino families have borne the brunt of California’s devastating housing collapse, and it’s incredibly frightening to think that we are only halfway through the mortgage crisis,” said Delia de la Vara, Vice President of the California Region at NCLR. “We need lawmakers to put an end to unfair banking practices that are leaving families out on the street and, instead, give them a fair chance to save their homes from foreclosure.”

NCLR and its California Affiliates met with Senator Ron Calderon (D–Montebello), a member of the conference committee, to share stories of families who have lost their homes to foreclosure as a result of being dual tracked. Dual tracking is a common bank practice of moving a homeowner through both the foreclosure and loan modification processes at the same time, causing many borrowers to lose their homes to foreclosure even though they are still being considered for a loan modification.

“Homeowners playing by the rules should be given a fair chance to secure a loan modification,” said Senator Ron Calderon. “I am committed to crafting a bill that puts an end to dual track and includes a strong enforcement mechanism, such as giving victims the right to sue, to ensure that families do not continue to fall through the cracks.”

Despite the fact that HAMP (Home Affordable Modification Program)—the Obama administration’s signature foreclosure prevention program—and Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have established rules to end this practice, many banks still dual track customers.

“The families we represent are honest, hardworking people, seeking assistance that will allow them to continue making payments and stay in their homes,” said Maria Cabildo, President of the East LA Community Corporation (ELACC). “Many of the clients we work with have experienced lost paperwork on behalf of the lender, violations of existing dual track rules, and constant solicitation from scam artists. Lenders need to be held accountable and provide families a fair process where they can apply for assistance.”

NCLR believes that every foreclosure costs taxpayers, local governments and the state economy money—the ones that can and should be prevented must be stopped.

“There are far greater consequences than the actual cost of a foreclosure for hardworking families,” said Robert Monzon, President and CEO at the Montebello Housing Development Corporation (MHDC). “We are seeing an increasing number of clients who suffer from stress and health issues due to the foreclosure process, clients who are now separated or divorced from their spouses, as well as grades dropping for children faced with this situation. Passing this bill will alleviate some of that stress for clients by halting the foreclosure process until the loan modification is considered.” MHDC and ELACC have each provided counseling to more than 3,000 families within Senator Ron Calderon’s district since the beginning of the housing crisis.

NCLR and its California Affiliates applaud Senator Ron Calderon for his commitment to passing a bill with strong enforcement mechanisms to put an end to the dual track process once and for all.

###

Issues:
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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Tuesday, June 19, 2012

We’re Proud to Call Our Leader a True Civil Rights Champion

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May 16 2012

NCLR is proud to announce that our President and CEO, Janet Murguía, has been selected to receive the Hubert H. Humphrey Civil and Human Rights Award for her significant contributions to the cause of social justice.  At a reception and dinner tonight at the Washington Hilton, the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights will present Murguía, along with Rep. Barney Frank (D-Mass.), with what is called “the highest honor” bestowed by the civil and human rights community.

 Since Murguía joined NCLR in 2005, she has led the institution to achieve outstanding improvements and increased opportunities for Latinos across the United States.  With groundbreaking political movement toward social justice and the increasing number of Hispanics in the U.S., today represents a special time for this community to be recognized and to act upon the promise behind this award.

“As our current political climate is steeped in wedge politics and efforts to divide our nation rather than celebrate our rich diversity, all of us who cherish equality and equal opportunity have been energized by two strong voices of inclusion, two remarkable champions of social justice,” stated the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights in an announcement releasing the names of the 2012 Humphrey honorees. 

Previous honorees include former President Bill Clinton; Senator Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.), the Honorable John Lewis (D-Ga.), a key figure of the American Civil Rights movement; and the motion picture “Crash,” among other impressive individuals and feats.

In a recent speech, Murguía stressed the importance of seeing this award as part of a larger effort by the growing Hispanic community to participate in a shared vision of America’s future.

“NCLR has long been a proud partner and member of the Leadership Conference and it is an honor for me to receive the Hubert H. Humphrey Civil and Human Rights Award.  I accept it on behalf of the many activists in the Latino community who fight every day for justice and the chance for everyone to be part of the American Dream,” said Murguía. 

For more information on the award or tonight’s event, visit the Leadership Conference website.

Issues: Civil Rights and Justice
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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Alabama Legislature Loses Touch with Reality

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June 05 2012

By Janet Murguía, President and CEO, NCLR

HB 56, Alabama’s notorious bill that is perhaps the most draconian anti-immigrant law in the country, has provoked a nonstop flood of controversy since its enactment. It has been enjoined by a federal judge and denounced by the U.S. Department of Justice. It brought howls of protest from farmers, one of the largest economic sectors in the state, as they saw their crops rot in the fields. Thousands of students were pulled out of schools by frightened parents, and the law’s implications overwhelmed educators, putting the education of every Alabama child at risk. Not to mention, this is happening in a state which ranks at or near the bottom of all 50 states on educational progress. A storm of outrage has rained down on Alabama, resulting in a host of local and national rallies and marches in opposition to Alabama’s return to the dark days of the Jim Crow era.

Even a dispassionate examination of the situation reveals the remarkable toll HB 56 has taken and will continue to take on Alabama. The Center for Business and Economic Research at the University of Alabama estimates that the state will lose at least $10 billion, 140,000 jobs, and nearly $400 million in tax revenue. And it’s getting worse. Alabama’s farmers have already announced that they are cutting back on production in an attempt to avoid the massive losses they experienced last year.

All of this has created enormous pressure on the legislature, and especially Governor Robert Bentley, to take action. Certainly state legislators could see that they used a shotgun to kill a fly on the wall (Alabama has one of the smallest foreign-born populations of any state) and ended up with a giant hole on the side of their house. Bentley implored the legislature to revisit the legislation. But did they get out the repair kit? No, the legislature instead pulled out a cannon.

The bill that just passed the legislature and was signed by the Governor—the alleged fix—still has virtually all of the provisions that got Alabama into this mess in the first place. It still legalizes profiling. It still turns schools into immigration enforcement agencies.

But the legislature didn’t stop there; instead, they doubled down on a losing hand. The law now contains a nonsensical and decidedly unconstitutional provision that requires the state to publish the name of all illegal immigrants who appear in court for violations of state law, regardless of whether they are convicted or not—to what purpose, other than state-sanctioned harassment of immigrants and courts alike, no one can say.

It’s hard to know whether these legislators are being willfully ignorant of reality or just stubbornly refusing to acknowledge that they made a big mistake. Time will tell what the cost of making a political point rather than solving a problem will be for these legislators. In the meantime, the price is being paid by their constituents. For their sake, this law needs to be repealed.

Issues:
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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Distraction opens the door to Errors

Recently spoke at a meeting of major medical. While I was shooting my computer, a number of colleagues came up to talk. When it was time for me to speak, I started my presentation. About halfway, my computer screen went blank.

If the stress in your life is more than they can cope, get help immediately.

National Suicide Prevention Lifeline
1-800-273-TALK (8255) go to the nearest hospital or emergency medical roomCall, the health provider and clergyNational Alliance on mental illness
www.Nami.org
1-800-950-NAMI (6264)

I forgot to link my computer. Now this was a minor outage. I took the responsibility, and everything worked fine.

We know that when we are tired or distracted, we're not at our best. In most cases, the resulting errors. Let's not forget where we parked our car. We cannot find the keys to the House. But let me share a story with you.

A major medical Center, a patient received treatment for cancer arising from left kidney. Tragically, during the healthy kidney surgery the patient was removed instead of the cancerous kidney. Devastation for the patient, family and medical support team.

How could this happen? A careful review of the record has revealed some of the individuals involved in the care of this patient was distracted by beepers and mobile phones, that has affected their attention and concentration.

Most of us aren't surgeons and not deal with situations of life and death, but the lesson is still powerful.

When we fail to fire, you make mistakes. Knowing that, what can we do to avoid it? How can we keep our energies? How can we protect our priorities? Please weigh in.

blog index

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Body fat analyzers: How accurate are they?

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Although the technology is improving, it's difficult to get an accurate body fat measurement from most commercially available body fat analyzers.

Various types of body fat analyzers — also called impedance meters — are available to the general public. Results from portable body fat analyzers can vary depending on many factors, however, including the quality of the device and how hydrated you are when the measurement is taken.

If you're concerned about your body fat percentage, skip the commercially available body fat analyzers and ask your doctor about more accurate measurement techniques.

Depending on the circumstances, options may include:

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. This is a specialized X-ray exam that provides detailed information about the ratio between fat, muscle and bones in specific parts of the body.Air displacement plethysmography. With this technique, you're enclosed in a computerized, egg-shaped chamber (Bod Pod, others). The device measures your weight and volume to determine your body density, then uses these figures to calculate your percentage of body fat.Underwater weighing. Also known as hydrodensitometry, this method involves sitting on a special chair submerged under water. Your underwater weight or body density is then used to calculate your percentage of body fat.

Body fat can also be estimated using cross-sectional imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) scan. These scans can provide the most precise body composition measurements, especially for intra-abdominal fat measurement. They are expensive, however, and not indicated for everyone.

Depending on the information desired, you and your doctor can determine the optimal type of body fat measurement. Keep in mind that specific body fat measurement techniques can be expensive and may not be available in all locations.

Next question References Jaffrin MY. Body composition determination by bioimpedance: An update. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2009;12:482.Lintsi M, et al. Comparison of hand-to-hand bioimpedance and anthropometry equations versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of body fat percentage in 17-18-year-old conscripts. Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. 2004;24:85.Lohman M, et al. Reproducibility of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry total and regional body composition measurements using different scanning positions and definitions of regions. Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental. 2009;58:1663.Lee SY, et al. Assessment methods in human body composition. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 2008;11:566.Bray GA. Determining body composition in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/index. Accessed March 2, 2012.Jensky-Squires NE, et al. Validity and reliability of body composition analysers in children and adults. British Journal of Nutrition. 2008;100:859.Ball SD, et al. Comparison of the Bod Pod and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in men. Physiological Measurement. 2004;25:671.Bentzur KM, et al. Evaluation of the BOD POD for estimating percent body fat in collegiate track and field female athletes: A comparison of four methods. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2008;22:1985.Shuster A, et al. The clinical importance of visceral adiposity: A critical review of methods for visceral adipose tissue analysis. British Journal of Radiology. 2012; 85:1.Laskowski ER (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. March 2, 2012.

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Yoga May Improve Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis

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View RA Slideshow Pictures

People With Rheumatoid Arthritis Feel Better After 6 Weeks of Iyengar-Style Yoga

By Laird Harrison
WebMD Health News

Reviewed by Laura J. Martin, MD

May 24, 2012 (Honolulu, Hawaii) -- Young patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may feel better after practicing yoga for just six weeks, a new study shows.

Researchers reported their findings here last week at the American Pain Society's annual meeting.

"It seems to be a very feasible, practical treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis," one of the researchers, Kirsten Lung, tells WebMD. Lung researches pain at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).

The results are not surprising to Kathleen Sluka, PhD, a physical therapist who researches pain at the University of Iowa. All kinds of physical activity can help with rheumatoid arthritis, she tells WebMD. Sluka was not involved in this study.

RA is a chronic type of arthritis. It is an autoimmune disease. It is most common among women. Early symptoms include fatigue, joint pain, and stiffness.

As it progresses, RA may feel like the flu, with muscle aches and loss of appetite. Early and effective treatment may help prevent joint and bone destruction.

The UCLA researchers say some drugs for RA can pose additional risks for younger patients. So the researchers are looking for alternatives. They decided to try Iyengar yoga.

In Iyengar yoga, practitioners may use blocks, straps, cushions, and other props to stretch and strengthen their muscles.

The UCLA researchers recruited 26 women with RA. The women's ages ranged from 21 to 35. On average they had suffered from RA for 10 and a half years.

The researchers then assigned 11 of these women to classes in Iyengar yoga. They assigned the other 15 to a wait list for yoga classes.

After six weeks, they asked both groups about their condition. The group that practiced yoga said they were happier than when they started. They said they could better accept their pain. They also reported better general health and more energy.

The women on the wait list for yoga classes did not experience these improvements.

Even the women who did yoga did not report less pain or disability. That may be because the study was so short, says Lung. "But six weeks did a world of good for those involved."

Sluka says that physical exercise usually takes about eight weeks to show significant effects. All kinds of exercise can help with RA, she says. "Yoga is just another form of exercise," she says.

By strengthening muscles, exercise prevents joints from moving in uncomfortable ways. And it can activate parts of the nervous system that reduce pain.

The study is not conclusive, she points out, because it is very small. Also, there is a possibility that the people in the yoga group felt better just because they were doing something to help themselves, not specifically because they were doing yoga.

But the study is still worthwhile, Sluka says. It shows people with RA they have another option for getting exercise. "Some people like to run. Some people like to lift weights. Some people like to do yoga," she says.

These findings were presented at a medical conference. They should be considered preliminary, as they have not yet undergone the "peer review" process, in which outside experts scrutinize the data prior to publication in a medical journal.

SOURCES: 31st Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Pain Society, Honolulu, Hawaii, May 16-19, 2012.Kirsten Lung, research associate, University of California, Los Angeles Pediatric Pain Program.Kathleen Sluka, professor of physical therapy & rehabilitation science, University of Iowa.

©2012 WebMD, LLC. All Rights Reserved.



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Monday, June 18, 2012

The National Library of Medicine releases free iPad App, "Native Voices: the Native peoples ' concepts of health and disease"

To give those who cannot travel to Bethesda, Maryland to see him personally lively experience of virtual, National Library Medicine (NLM) announces new iPad app, free, which captures the contents of its popular exhibitions, Native Voices: the native inhabitants of the concepts of health and disease (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/index.html), currently on display. NLM is the world's largest medical library and component of the National Institutes of Health.

The application allows users to explore video chat with members of the tribal elders, tribal healers and other prominent people practice traditional medicine, Western medicine, or a combination of both. Experience the unique and the prospects they weave tapestry vibrant and diverse cultures and ways of medicine practiced by the Natives of Alaska, native Americans and native Hawaiians. Other clips video provides an overview of the exhibition and the stresses of travel 4,400-mile had ordered a totem of specially crafted for exhibition from Washington State to the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland.

App NLM Native Voices works on all iPads with iOS 4.2 and higher. To download the free app, go to the Apple iTunes store (www.apple.com/iTunes) and type in "NLM Native Voices."

In addition to the content of the native Voices: the native inhabitants of the concepts of health and disease, the application contains a function "of the NLM", which allows the public to obtain information on the National Library of Medicine, and also learn how to "visit the NLM" and "Connect with NLM" through social media outlets.

The splash page for the NLM Native Voices app shows the exhibition logo and four of the featured interview subjects.

On the welcome page of the app NLM Native Voices shows the logo of the exhibition and of the four featured interview subjects.

NLM Director Dr. Donald A.B. Lindberg (top left) provides an overview of the Native Voices: Native Peoples' Concepts of Health and Illness exhibition on this main page, and app users can also explore rich content relating to five major themes: Individual, Community, Tradition, Healing and Nature.

NLM Director Dr. Donald A.B. Lindberg (left top) provides an overview of the Native Voices: the native inhabitants of the concepts of health and disease, this exhibition home users and applications, you can also examine the rich content on five main topics: individual, Community, tradition, healing and nature.

Interviews on the NLM Native Voices app can be searched by key words, interviewee names or, as shown here, topic. The speakers pictured talk about the importance of individuals taking responsibility for their own health and the health of their communities.

Interviews on app NLM Native Voices can be searched by key words, respondent name or, as shown here, the topic. The speakers presented to talk about the importance of taking responsibility for their own health and the health of their Communities.


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Girls In Progress

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May 22 2012

by Jessica Mayorga, Director of Marketing, NCLR

(This was first posted to the ALMA Awards 411 blog.)

A new film, Girl in Progress, was released recently, and just in time for National Teen Pregnancy Prevention Month. Simply stated, teen pregnancy, sexuality, and the drama of growing up are topics in the Latino community that merit attention and frank discussions.

Girl in Progress speaks to these issues and puts a Hollywood spotlight on a topic that has long been taboo in Latino households but that very much needs to be addressed. We’re excited to see past ALMA nominees and popular Latino talent drive this film and encourage us to change these experiences for our families. Eva Mendes plays a starring role in Girl in Progress as an overwhelmed and preoccupied single mother of an attention-starved preteen (played by Cierra Ramirez) seeking her own identity and independence. The film vividly and sometimes painfully demonstrates that a parent’s attention and interest in a child’s life makes all the difference and can be the deciding factor for success. We watch the daughter, Ansiedad, make unguided and perhaps devastating decisions as she acts out, desperate for her mother to just be a mom to her. This portrayal of a family dynamic that is not uncommon in Latino communities brings forward issues of parent-child communication, sexuality, and the need for honest and open dialogue at home.

May is National Teen Pregnancy Prevention Month; it’s the perfect time for families to watch this movie and use this opportunity to break the ice about issues that we may not always feel comfortable talking about. We know that too many of our daughters enter this cycle of teen pregnancy, and that it often interrupts—if not permanently suspends—educational aspirations, career opportunities, and the opportunity to just be a girl and live out their dreams. This film, and National Teen Pregnancy Prevention Month, remind us that we can no longer be silent about these tough topics.

We applaud Hiram Martinez for this screenplay and the excellent Latino actors who brought the story to life.

At ALMA, we advocate for media responsibility, media literacy, and respectable roles for Latinos in American entertainment. We believe in educating Hollywood and educating audiences. We applaud this film for complementing our mission as we strive to tackle challenges in our communities and strengthening opportunities for Latinos of all ages.

Issues: NCLR ALMA Awards
Geography:California, Far West, Midwest, Northeast, Southeast, Texas


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In search of lost sleep: Secular trends in the sleep time of school-aged children and adolescents

a Health and Use of Time (HUT) Group, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5000, Australiab Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5000, Australiac School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide SA 5000, AustraliaReceived 7 January 2011. Revised 18 March 2011. Accepted 18 March 2011. Available online 25 May 2011.View full text Sleep deficits are associated with a wide range of detrimental physical and mental health outcomes. There is concern that children are not getting enough sleep, and that sleep duration has been declining. However, evidence is sparse.

A systematic review of world literature was conducted to locate studies reporting the sleep duration of children aged 5–18 years. Monte Carlo simulation was used to generate pseudodata from summary data, which were combined with raw data and analysed by linear regression of sleep duration on year of measurement at the age × sex × day type × country level.

Data were available on 690,747 children from 20 countries, dating from 1905 to 2008. From these data, 641 regressions were derived. The sample-weighted median rate of change was -0.75 min nightly per year, indicating a decrease of more than 1 h per night over the study period. Rates of change were negative across age, sex and day type categories, but varied according to region, with Europe, the USA, Canada and Asia showing decreases and Australia, the UK and Scandinavia showing increases.

Over the last 103 years, there have been consistent rapid declines in the sleep duration of children and adolescents.

prs.rt("abs_end");Sleep duration; Children; Adolescents; Trends

Figures and tables from this article:

Fig. 1. PRISMA flowchart for the search.

View Within ArticleFig. 2. Funnel plots of changes in sleep duration (Y-axis, min/year) against the span of years for each regression, and the total sample size for each regression (X-axes). The dashed line is the sample-weighted median rate of change (-0.75 min/year).

View Within ArticleFig. 3. Box plots showing sample-weighted rates of change for age (Fig. 3a), sex (Fig. 3b) and day type (Fig. 3c) sub-groups. The dashed line is the sample-weighted median rate of change (-0.75 min/year). k = number of regressions assessed; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range.

View Within ArticleFig. 4. Box plots showing sample-weighted rates of change for different regions. The dashed line is the sample-weighted median rate of change (-0.75 min/year). k = number of regressions assessed; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range.

View Within ArticleFig. 5. Box plots showing sample-weighted rates of change for different year periods. The dashed line is the sample-weighted median rate of change (-0.75 min/year). k = number of regressions assessed; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range.

View Within ArticleTable 1. Search strategy used for each database.

View table in articleView Within ArticleTable 2. Rates of change (minutes per day per year) in sleep duration according to sex, age, day type and geographical location.

View table in articleSignificant differences were found across age groups (with the exception of 13–15 and 16–18 year-old age categories), sexes, regions and between different day types (P < 0.05).k = number of regressions assessed; n = sample size; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range.

View Within ArticleCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

prs.rt('data_end');

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Myocardial Ischemia

By Mayo Clinic staff

Myocardial ischemia occurs when blood flow to your heart muscle is diminished by a partial or complete blockage of the arteries of the heart (coronary arteries). The decrease in blood flow reduces the oxygen supply to your heart.

Myocardial ischemia, also called cardiac ischemia, can cause damage to the heart muscle, reducing its ability to pump efficiently. A sudden, severe coronary artery can lead to a heart attack. Myocardial ischemia can also cause abnormal heart rhythms.

Treatment for myocardial ischemia is directed at improving blood flow to the heart muscle and can include medications, open proceedings or blocked arteries surgery coronary artery bypass. Make lifestyle choices-healthy heart is important in the treatment and prevention of myocardial ischemia.

PC Deedwanla References. Silent myocardial ischemia: prognosis and therapy. http://www.uptodate.com/Home/index. The March 22, 2012. Deedwanla PC. Silent myocardial ischemia: epidemiology and pathogenesis. http://www.uptodate.com/Home/index. The March 22, 2012. Goldberger al. ECG in diagnosis of myocardial ischemia and infarction. http://www.uptodate.com/Home/index. The March 22, 2012. Deedwanla PC. Silent myocardial ischemia: diagnosis and screening. http://www.uptodate.com/Home/index. The March 22, 2012. Cardiac biomarkers. American Association for clinical chemistry. http://www.labtestsonline.org/Understanding/analytes/cardiac_biomarkers/Glance.html. Accessed March 22, 2012. Bonow RO, Braunwald's heart disease et al: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier;. 2012. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/about.do?eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4377-0398-6 ...Competition-0-6--59734-& Top-1 ISBN = 978-4377-0398-& about 6 = true & = 236798031-10 uniqId. The March 22, 2012. Lanza GA, et al. mechanisms of coronary artery spasm. Circulation. 2011; 124: 1774.

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Janet Murguía, President and CEO of NCLR, to Receive Hubert Humphrey Civil and Human Rights Award

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A Historic Week in Social Media, April 21-28

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May 01 2012

Last week we reached thousands as part of our campaign against SB1070, and it was a hard task to limit NCLR's forceful campaign to 10 social media posts. However, here are your favorite posts of the week. Thanks to everyone for the stellar support against discrimination!

Issues:
Geography:


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Sunday, June 17, 2012

Fringe — Episode 22 (Season 4): “Brave New World, Part 2 of 2”

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The final episode of the penultimate season of Fringe. The universes are safe (again).

Fringe #422

The Plot: Peter and Olivia head back to Walter’s lab only to find Walter and Astrid missing. Soon after they arrive, Olivia receives a phone call from one of the victims she saved last week from the nanite attack. She tells Olivia she thinks she is being watched. Olivia agrees to head right over. It turns out that she is being watched, by September the Observer, but he falls prey to a second level cleric spell and is trapped.

Olivia and Peter arrive to find an empty house and a strange hole in the floor. Broyles calls and tells them Astrid is in the hospital, recovering from a gunshot wound. They rush to the hospital and learn about the warehouse where Walter was last seen. Peter and Olivia head to the warehouse and find September, still trapped. The woman Olivia helped last episode steps out of the shadows, holding a pistol. She makes it clear that is working for William Bell and her job is to get Olivia riled up. She shoots September, but due to his “super Observer speed,” he is able to catch the bullets. She then pulls out a special pistol, designed by Bell, which can shoot so fast the Observer can’t catch the bullets. She fires a shot, and sure enough, September is hit in the chest. She fires three more shots but Olivia catches them and throws them back at her, killing her. Of course, in the Fringe universe, no one stays dead forever, especially when they hold the clue to Walter’s location, so she is brought back to the Harvard lab, hooked up to a machine, and dragged back to life, temporarily at least.

The Fringe team learns that William and Walter Bell are on barge, presumably heading for the safe zone where the two universes will collide. They find the boat, but only Peter (and the satellites, apparently) can actually see it, because it is out of sync with our universe. Peter and Olivia (acting on their own, again), jump to the barge and confront William Bell. He tells them that Olivia’s powers are energizing the collision of the universes, and once begun, there is no way to stop it. Walter disagrees, then pulls out a pistol and shoots Olivia right in the brain, killing her. Without the required power, the universes immediately return to normal. Bell disappears (literally).

Walter rushes to Olivia, reminding Peter of what we only learned last episode, that Cortexiphan has healing powers. Using improvised surgical tools, he pushes the bullet out of Olivia’s brain, and miraculously, her wound heals.

As the episode ends, Congress increases Fringe’s funding, allowing them to add their own science department – a department which the now “General” Broyles asks Nina Sharp to head. Olivia is released from the hospital, but not before telling Peter that she’s pregnant. Meanwhile, September appears to Walter, telling him to warn the others about what is coming.

Fringe #422

1. I’ve Heard Of Soft Spots, But This Is Ridiculous
Skulls must be softer in the Fringe universe, because there’s no way a syringe, let along a letter opener, would be able to break through the skull that easily – if at all.

2. Just Ask Penn & Teller
The trick to catching a bullet is not just being fast enough to intercept it, but somehow arresting all its momentum without taking any damage. Super speed may solve problem number one, but not number two.

3. In A Case, Just In Case
That was one of the more blatant examples of Chekov’s Gun I’ve seen in recent memory.

4. Khaaaan!
I couldn’t help flashing back to Start Trek II and the Genesis device in the beginning of this episode, when William Bell was talking about how God created the universe in seven days but it took him [Bell] considerably longer. There is a similar quote in Star Trek II (only it takes them seven hours, not seven days).

5. ParadoxodaraP
A nice time paradox. When September told Olivia that in every universe she has to die, where did he learn this? From Olivia.

Fringe #422

Another good episode, but I have the feeling it could have been better. This two-part finale would have worked better a three-episode arc, so some of the key points wouldn’t feel quite so shoe-horned. Still, a good season overall, even if Charlie is still AWOL. The Fringe Doomsday Clock creeps back to 11:55.

Fringe Doomsday Clock

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Manage stress through troubleshooting

By Mayo Clinic staff

To alleviate a stressful situation, put your problem solving skills to use: 1. identify what is causing stress in specific terms. 2. Clarify what would make the problem go away. 3. Brainstorm potential ways you might solve your problem. 4. Select the option that feels the most realistic and satisfying. 5. Implement the solution. 6. reflect on the outcome and if the solution worked.

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Drinking Red Wine Is Good for Gut Bacteria

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Moderate Intake of Some Red Wines May Improve Health, Study Shows

By Cari Nierenberg
WebMD Health News

Reviewed by Louise Chang, MD

May 25, 2012 -- Drinking a daily glass of red wine not only tastes good to many people, but it's also good for the bacteria lining your large intestine.

A new Spanish study suggests that sipping about 9 ounces of Merlot or a low-alcohol red wine changed the mix of good and bad bacteria typically found in the colon in ways that can benefit your health.

Bacteria may sound like a bad thing to have in your intestinal tract, but having a balanced mix of them actually helps to digest food, regulate immune function, and produce vitamin K (which plays a key role in helping the blood clot).

Since the study results showed that Merlot and low-alcohol red wine had similar positive effects on intestinal bacteria, researchers suspect it's not due to the alcohol but to the polyphenol compounds found in the wine.

Polyphenols are helpful plant-based compounds found in a variety of foods and beverages. Besides red grapes, many other fruits and vegetables are rich sources of polyphenols, as are coffee, tea, chocolate, and some nuts.

Previous research has looked at whether polyphenols in the diet can influence the balance of intestinal bacteria. This study sought to explore whether drinking red wine can have a similar prebiotic effect. Prebiotics are substances you eat that help promote the growth of good gut bacteria.

In this small study, which appears in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, researchers followed 10 healthy middle-aged men. For the first 15 days of the study, the men had no wine or other alcohol. This was followed by three 20-day periods in which the men were given one of three beverages to drink each day: They received either 9 ounces of Merlot, 9 ounces of low-alcohol-content red wine, or about 3 ounces of gin.

Unlike the red wines, gin contains no polyphenols, so it served as a comparison.

Throughout the study, volunteers were asked not to change their diets or exercise habits. They were also told not to drink any additional alcohol. Blood, urine, and stool samples were collected from each man during all four study periods. And their weights and blood pressures were monitored.

The findings showed that the balance of intestinal bacteria shifted in the men in a similar way whether they drank the Merlot or low-alcohol red wine. In both cases, they had a larger percent of certain beneficial gut bacteria.

After drinking the polyphenol-rich beverages, the men also had lower blood pressure. It also decreased triglyceride levels, HDL cholesterol (the so-called good cholesterol), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a measure of inflammation.

"This study was the first to show that regular, moderate consumption of red wine could have a noteworthy effect on the growth of select gut microbiota," the researchers conclude.

SOURCES: Queipo-Ortuno, M. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, published online May 2, 2012.News release, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.USDA Agricultural Research Service web site: "Phytonutrient FAQs."

©2012 WebMD, LLC. All Rights Reserved.



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Fringe — Episode 21 (Season 4): “Brave New World, Part 1 of 2”

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Better late than never. The Fringe team has their final confrontation with David Robert Jones and learns the identity of the real mastermind in an entertaining, albeit fairly cluttered, episode.

Fringe #421

The Plot: The Fringe Team is called in to evaluate a cluster of cases of spontaneous combustion at a nearby convention center. Walter initially suspects a viral infection, but when he realizes the infection was caught from the handrail on the escalator and locates the source, he determines the victims have actually been infected with nanites. Video surveillance shows that David Robert Jones planted the nanites in the escalator, but after looking over the nanites, Walter recognizes them as the work of William Bell.

In this universe, William Bell died in a car crash seven years before, but Walter is insistent that Bell must still be alive and tells the rest of the team that William visited him at St. Claire’s Hospital after he was supposed to be dead. A visit to the hospital shows no evidence of Bell visiting, but Walter keeps the sign-in log for good measure.

The viewers quickly realize that Walter is right and William Bell is still alive, and the Jones is working for him. After some clumsy metaphors about chess, Bell tells Jones that it is time to take out the Bishop. Soon, a bright powerful beam of light comes down from the sky, burning everything in its path. Walter and Peter realize that it is caused by satellites reflecting the sun’s rays and Walter is able to track down the source of the transmission controlling the satellite. Peter and Olivia head off to the transmission sight – antennas on two nearby buildings. They each climb to the roof of one building and shut down the transmitters, but Peter is jumped by Jones. Olivia is able to use her Cortexiphan abilities to take control of Peter’s body and beat Jones senseless. Jones then disintegrates into powder, remarking that he was the Bishop being taken off the board.

Back in his lab, Walter, with help from Astrid, cow’s brains, and an EZ Bake oven, determine that Bell did visit the asylum, leaving behind a trace of his favorite snack – almonds – on the sign-in log. Walter and Astrid head off to the almond warehouse in an attempt to track down Bell. They succeed too well – finding both Bell and some armed goons – and Astrid receives a gut shot as the episode ends.

Fringe #421

1. Flame On!
Not quite classic spontaneous combustion. In this case, only their cheeks and respiratory system (or maybe GI system) burnt up – they didn’t all spontaneously burst in to flame.

2. Forget Minute Rice, Try Our Minute Cultures!
That’s way too short an amount of time to declare an area free of airborne germs. Well, unless you’re using a tricorder. Mabey Nimoy brought one with him.

3. Must Be Empty, And Very Understaffed
St. Claire’s hasn’t reassigned the room, or at least cleaned the desk, in the four years since Walter left?

4. And Lets Not Forget the Foreshadowing: Almonds = Cyanide
If William didn’t sign the page of the ledger, then why is his almond-residue on it? And why is only his snack on there? Surely someone else had eaten before touching the ledger.

5. My Get Rich Quick Plan Continues
Tonight’s episode is just more proof that the best way to make money in the Fringe universe is to own empty warehouses.

6. Don’t Try This At Home Kids
It’s not that easy to relocate a shoulder — in fact, I doubt Peter would have the strength to do it the way shown — especially with a posterior dislocation like Peter suffered. (Now if Peter has suffered multiple posterior dislocations before, his shoulder could pop in and out of socket easier than normal, though with all the fights he’s been in, you’d think we’d have seen that before.)

7. Have A Bigger Party, There’s More Than Enough XP To Go Around
It never occurs to Peter and Olivia they might need back up? They have access to an entire FBI division, after all.

8. Loaves and Fishes Lemon Cake and Pigs Brains
Cortexiphan now has regenerative properties? Hasn’t seemed to do much for Olivia in the past, though it does completely restore that tissue lemon cake really easily. Forget telekinesis, Walter has solved the world’s hunger problem.

Fringe #421

A good episode, but there was enough here to spread it out over another episode. The Fringe Doomsday Clock remains at 11:54.

Fringe Doomsday Clock

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Does treatment of SDB in children improve cardiovascular outcome?

Available online 29 May 2012

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The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, AustraliaReceived 9 December 2011. Revised 20 April 2012. Accepted 20 April 2012. Available online 29 May 2012.View full text Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common disorder in both adults and children and is caused by the obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. Unlike adults, most cases of paediatric SDB are due to the presence of enlarged tonsils and adenoids, thus the main treatment option is adenotonsillectomy (T&A). It is well known that obstructive sleep apnoea in adults increases the risk for hypertension, coronary artery disease and stroke, and there is now mounting evidence that SDB also has a significant impact on the cardiovascular system in children with reports of elevated blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction and altered autonomic cardiovascular control. As there is now substantial evidence that elevated blood pressure in childhood is carried on to adulthood it is important to know if treatment of SDB improves cardiovascular outcomes. Studies in adults have shown that treatment of SDB leads to improvements in cardiovascular function, including a reduction in pulmonary artery pressure, systemic blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction. However, studies exploring the outcomes of treatment of SDB in children on the cardiovascular system are limited and varied in their methodology and outcome measures. As a number of cardiovascular disturbances are sequelae of SDB, early detection and management could result in the reduction of elevated blood pressure in children, and consequently a reduction in cardiovascular morbidity in adulthood. The aim of this review is to summarise the findings of studies to date which have investigated the cardiovascular outcomes in children treated for SDB and to make recommendations for future management of this very common disease.

prs.rt("abs_end");Adenotonsillectomy; Blood pressure; Cardiovascular; Children; Hypoxaemia; Inflammation; Obstructive sleep apnoea; Sleep disordered breathing; Treatment

Figures and tables from this article:

Fig. 1. The effects of treatment on the cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnoea in children. The tick indicates studies that show improvement in the cardiovascular outcome with treatment, the question mark indicates study results are conflicting or that the treatment effects are unknown. OSA indicates obstructive sleep apnoea; RV, right ventricle; BP, blood pressure. Adapted from Bhattacharjee et al., 2009.49

View Within ArticleTable 1. Summary of studies investigating the effect of treatment on cardiovascular outcomes in children treated for SDB.

View table in articleAHI – apnoea hypopnoea index; ApoB – apolipoprotein B; BP – blood pressure; BNP – brain natriuretic peptide; CRP – c-reactive protein; DBP – diastolic blood pressure; ET-1 – endothelin-1; HR – heart rate; IL-6 – interleukin 6; IL-10 – interleukin 10; LV – left ventricular; mo – month; N/A – not available; NIPPV – non-invasive positive ventilation; NOB – non-obese group; NT-proBNP – N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; OB – obese group; ODI – oxygen desaturation index; OSA – obstructive sleep apnoea; P – prospective; PR – pulse rate; PRV – pulse rate variability; PS – primary snoring; R – retrospective; RV – right ventricular; S – primary snoring; SBP – systolic blood pressure; SD – standard deviation; SDP – sleep disordered breathing; T&A – adenotonsillectomy; w – week; y – year.

View Within ArticleCrown copyright © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Chronic renal failure

By Mayo Clinic staff

Chronic kidney failure, also known as chronic renal disease, describes the gradual loss of kidney function. The kidneys filter waste products and excess fluid from your blood, which are then excreted in the urine. When the chronic renal failure reaches an advanced stage, dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes and wastes can build up in your body.

In the early stages of chronic renal failure, you may have a few signs or symptoms. Chronic renal failure may not become evident until the renal function is significantly reduced.

Treatment for chronic renal failure is focused on slowing down the progression of kidney damage, usually by controlling the underlying cause. Chronic renal failure can progress to end-stage renal disease, which is fatal without artificial filtering (dialysis) or a kidney transplant.

Refers to Goldman L, et al, Cecil medicine. 24 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier;. 2012. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/191371208-2/0/1492/0.html#. Accessed April 2, 2012. clinical Adviser Irons FF. 2012 irons: 5 books in 1. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier;. 2012. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/about.do?about=true&eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-323-05611-3 ...Competition-0-38601-8--Top & ISBN = 978-0-323-05611-3 & 291436269-101 uniqId =. Accessed on 2 April, 2012. Marx JA, Rosen's emergency medicine: concepts et al. and clinical practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier;. 2010. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/about.do?about=true&eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-323-05472-0 ...X0001-1--Top & ISBN = 978-0-323-05472-0 230100505 =-& uniqId 57. The 2 April 2012. Bope ET, Conn's current therapy et al. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier;. 2012. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/about.do?eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4377-0986-5 ...Competition-0-9-38984-Top-978-& ISBN = 1-4377-0986-5 & about = true & = 236797353-5 uniqId. Accessed on April 3, chronic kidney disease About 2012: a guide for patients and their families. National Kidney Foundation. http://www.Kidney.org/Atoz/content/aboutckd.cfm. Accessed on April 3, 2012. Coping effectively: a guide to living well with kidney failure. National Kidney Foundation. http://www.Kidney.org/Atoz/PDF/coping.pdf. Accessed on April 3, 2012. Kidney Failure: the choice of a treatment that is right for you. Kidney and urologic diseases information & National Clearinghouse. http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/KUDiseases/pubs/choosingtreatment/index.aspx. Accessed on 2 April, at 2012. Chronic kidney disease 5: nutrition guidelines. Health nutrition manual. American Dietetic Association. http://nutritioncaremanual.org/index.cfm. Accessed on April 3, 2012 The kidneys and how they work. Kidney and urologic diseases information & National Clearinghouse. http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/yourkidneys/. The 4 April, 2012. El Zoghby ZM (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 1 may 2012, Minnesota Anderson CF (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, 24 April, Rochester, Minnesota 2012. Rethinking drinking: alcohol and your health. National Institute on alcoholism and alcohol abuse. http://pubs.NIAAA.nih.gov/publications/RethinkingDrinking/Rethinking_Drinking.pdf. Access 2012. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, May 8, 2010. U.S. Department of health and human services. http://www.CNPP.USDA.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm. Accessed may 8, 2012. Post R (expert opinion). U.s. Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, VA. August 8, 2011.

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Saturday, June 16, 2012

Sleep in special needs children: The challenge

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Sleep-dependent memory consolidation in patients with sleep disorders

Sleep can improve the off-line memory consolidation of new items of declarative and non-declarative information in healthy subjects, whereas acute sleep loss, as well as sleep restriction and fragmentation, impair consolidation. This suggests that, by modifying the amount and/or architecture of sleep, chronic sleep disorders may also lead to a lower gain in off-line consolidation, which in turn may be responsible for the varying levels of impaired performance at memory tasks usually observed in sleep-disordered patients.

The experimental studies conducted to date have shown specific impairments of sleep-dependent consolidation overall for verbal and visual declarative information in patients with primary insomnia, for verbal declarative information in patients with obstructive sleep apnoeas, and for visual procedural skills in patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy.

These findings corroborate the hypothesis that impaired consolidation is a consequence of the chronically altered organization of sleep. Moreover, they raise several novel questions as to: a) the reversibility of consolidation impairment in the case of effective treatment, b) the possible negative influence of altered prior sleep also on the encoding of new information, and c) the relationships between altered sleep and memory impairment in patients with other (medical, psychiatric or neurological) diseases associated with quantitative and/or qualitative changes of sleep architecture.

Table 1. Methodological characteristics and results of the experimental studies on memory consolidation during sleep in patients with chronic sleep disorders.

View table in articleAbbreviations: DM = declarative memory; NC = narcolepsy with cataplexy; NDM = non declarative memory; OSA = obstructive sleep apnoea; PI = primary insomnia; REM = rapid eye movement (sleep); REMD = REM density; SE = sleep efficiency; SWS = slow wave sleep; SPT = sleep period time; SFI = sleep fragmentation index; SOA= stimulus onset asynchrony; TST = total sleep time; WASO = wake after sleep onset.

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